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Glossary
ATA
This is an interface for PC hard disks, and is the
official standard for the interface known as IDE.
It provides various improvements over the older
IDE, such as increased transfer speed.
ATAPI
This is a specification that was developed in order
to allow devices other than hard disks (such as
CD-ROM drives) to be connected using the ATA
specification.
CD-R
Short for
Compact Disc Recordable
. This is a
system for reading and writing discs in the same
format as that used for CDs (CD-ROMs and music
CDs). A specialized CD-R drive allows one-time
only writing of discs.
However, as long as the data has not been finalized
and there is sufficient capacity remaining on the
disc, the CD-R drive can be used for multiple
additions to, and changes in the material.
Sometimes they are referred to as “Write Once CD,”
“CD-Write Once,” or something similar.
CD-RW
Short for
Compact Disc ReWritable
. This is a
system allowing creation of discs that can be read
using the same format as regular CDs (CD-ROMs
and Music CDs). While resembling the CD-R
system in that it uses a special CD-RW drive, these
discs can be rewritten any number of times.
Compressor
An effect that suppresses volume fluctuations.
When the input signal exceeds a specified level
(threshold), the gain is reduced as the input signal
rises, thus suppressing signal overload. The same
algorithm can also be used as a limiter (an effect
that instantaneously suppresses peaks).
Of the effects in this system, only the compressor
included in guitar multi 1–3 simulates a compact
compressor for guitar, and works differently from a
limiter. (It suppresses signal overloads, and also
evens out the volume by raising low-level signals.)
COSM
Stands for
Composite Object Sound Modeling
.
This is “a technology which combines multiple
sound models to create new sounds,” which was
first used on the Roland’s VG-8 V-Guitar System.
For example, sounds created on the VG-8 are the
result of a variety of sound models (elements) such
as the pickup, the body of the guitar, the guitar
amp, mic, and speaker etc.
Current Song
The song currently being recorded, played back, or
edited is referred to as the current song.
Dynamics (effect)
Effects that compressor expand the range of volume
changes. These effects are used to reduce noise
when recording to tape, or to increase the dynamic
range of a tape or wireless mic. Dynamics effects
provided on this system include Enhancer,
Expander, Compressor, and Limiter.
DSP
An abbreviation for
Digital Signal Processing
.
Technology that uses dedicated circuitry or
software calculations to process digitized audio or
video signals in order to implement the
functionality of a mixer, filter, or effect processor.
By extension, DSP is also used to collectively refer
to effect devices and effect functionality that uses
such technology.
Expander
An effect that increases (by a fixed ratio) the
difference in loud and soft volume levels, by
making low-level signals softer, and high-level
signals louder.
Formants
A formant is an important element which
determine the character of a vocal sound. It is a
fixed overtone whose location is determined by the
size of the vocal chords.
Conventional pitch shifters modify the pitch in a
way that changes even the location of the formants
(which by nature do not change). For example
when a conventional pitch shifter raises the pitch, a
“duck voice” is produced as if the vocal chords had
shrunk, and when the pitch is lowered a “giant
voice” is produced as if the vocal chords had
expanded.
The Voice Transformer modifies the basic pitch and
the formant separately, allowing a variety of voice
characters to be created.
Frame
Similar to the individual frames in a roll of movie
film, the numerous still pictures that are displayed
in rapid succession to create a moving video image
are also known as “frames.” About thirty of these
frames are shown each second. When hard disk
recorders, sequencers, and other such equipment
are synchronized with video, it is generally
assumed that there should be one frame every
1/30th of a second.
IDE
IDE stands for
Integrated Device and Electronics
.
This is the standard data transmission method used
by the hard disk drives of recent personal
computers. Currently, IDE complies with the
formal standard known as ATA. The internal hard
disk drives are IDE compatible.
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