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animals to RF for up to 22 hours per day. These
conditions are not similar to the conditions under
which people use wireless phones, so we don't know
with certainty what the results of such studies mean for
human health.
Three large epidemiology studies have been published
since December 2000. Between them, the studies
investigated any possible association between the use
of wireless phones and primary brain cancer, glioma,
meningioma, or acoustic neuroma, tumors of the brain
or salivary gland, leukemia, or other cancers. None of
the studies demonstrated the existence of any harmful
health effects from wireless phones RF exposures.
However, none of the studies can answer questions
about long-term exposures, since the average period of
phone use in these studies was around three years.
What research is needed to decide whether RF exposure
from wireless phones poses a health risk?
A combination of laboratory studies and
epidemiological studies of people actually using
wireless phones would provide some of the data that
are needed. Lifetime animal exposure studies could be
completed in a few years. However, very large
numbers of animals would be needed to provide
reliable proof of a cancer promoting effect if one exists.
Epidemiological studies can provide data that is
directly applicable to human populations, but ten or
more years' follow-up may be needed to provide
answers about some health effects, such as cancer. This
is because the interval between the time of exposure to
a cancer-causing agent and the time tumors develop - if