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Glossary
AVCHD
AVCHD is a new format (standard) for high definition video cameras
that can be used to record and play high-resolution HD images.
BD-J
Some BD-Video discs contain Java applications, and these
applications are called BD-J. You can enjoy various interactive
features in addition to playing normal video.
Bitstream
This is the digital form of multi-channel audio data (e.g., 5.1-channel)
before it is decoded into its various channels.
Dolby Digital
This is a method of coding digital signals developed by Dolby
Laboratories. Apart from stereo (2-channel) audio, these signals can
also be multi-channel audio.
Dolby Digital Surround EX
This is the digital surround system developed by Dolby Laboratories.
Dolby Digital Surround EX adds a surround back channel to the
traditional 5.1-channel format of Dolby Digital. This creates a sound
with greater presence.
Dolby Digital Plus
Multi-channel audio and higher audio quality is made possible using
Dolby Digital Plus. BD-Video supports up to 7.1-channel output.
Dolby Pro Logic II
Dolby Pro Logic II enables you to play stereo sources on 5.1-channel.
Dolby Pro Logic IIx
Dolby Pro Logic IIx enables you to play stereo and 5.1-channel
sources on 7.1-channel.
Dolby TrueHD
Dolby TrueHD is a very high quality audio format that reproduces the
studio master audio. BD-Video supports up to 7.1-channel output.
DTS (Digital Theater Systems)
This surround system is used in many movie theaters. There is good
separation between the channels, so realistic sound effects are
possible.
DTS-ES
DTS-ES adds a surround back channel to the traditional 5.1-channel
format of DTS. This creates a sound with greater presence.
DTS-HD
DTS-HD is a high-quality, sophisticated audio format used in movie
theaters. Previous DTS Digital Surround-compatible equipment can
play DTS-HD as DTS Digital Surround audio. BD-Video supports up to
7.1-channel output.
DTS NEO:6
DTS NEO:6 enables you to play stereo and 5.1-channel sources on
6.1-channel.
DTS 96/24
DTS 96/24 provides 96 kHz sound at up to 24 bits. The 96 kHz/24 bit
high frequency sounds are played through multiple channels.
Dynamic range
Dynamic range is the difference between the lowest level of sound
that can be heard above the noise of the equipment and the highest
level of sound before distortion occurs.
Dynamic range compression means reducing the gap between the
loudest and softest sounds. This means you can listen at low volumes
but still hear dialog clearly.
Film and video
DVD-Video are recorded using either film or video. This unit can
determine which type has been used, then uses the most suitable
method of progressi
ve output.
Film: Recorded at 24 frames per second. (Recorded at 30 frames
per second as well). Generally appropriate for motion picture
films.
Video: Recorded at 30 frames/60 fields per second. Generally
appropriate for TV drama programs or animation.
Final Standard Profile (FSP)
This is a BD-Video [BD-ROM version 2 (Profile 1 version 1.1)] that
supports the new functions such as Picture-in-picture, Secondary
Audio, and Virtual Package, etc.
Frames and fields
Frames refer to the single images that constitute the video you see on
your TV. Each frame consists of two fields.
≥A frame still shows two fields, so there may be some blurring, but
picture quality is generally better.
≥A field still shows less picture information so it may be rougher, but
there is no blurring.
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)
HDMI is a digital interface for consumer electronic products. Unlike
conventional connections, it transmits uncompressed digital video and
audio signals on a single cable.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
This is a system used for compressing/decoding color still pictures. If
you select JPEG as the storage system on digital cameras, etc., the
data will be compressed to 1/10–1/100 of its original size. The benefit
of JPEG is less deterioration in picture quality considering the degree
of compression.
Local storage
This storage area is used as a destination for sub contents for playing
virtual packages on BD-Video.
LPCM (Linear PCM)
These are uncompressed digital signals, similar to those found on
CDs.
MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3)
An audio compression method that compresses audio to
approximately one tenth of its size without any significant loss of audio
quality.
Pan&Scan/Letterbox
In general, DVD-Video are produced with the intention that they be
viewed on a widescreen TV (16:9 aspect ratio), so images often don’t
fit regular (4:3 aspect ratio) TVs. Two styles of picture, “Pan & Scan”
and “Letterbox”, deal with this problem.
Pan&Scan: The sides are cut off so the picture fills
the screen.
Letterbox: Black bands appear at the top and bottom
of the picture so the picture itself appears
in an aspect ratio of 16:9.
Picture-in-picture
This is a new function of BD-Video that plays the
primary video and secondary video simultaneously. For instance, the
function is capable of playing the original movie as the primary video
while playing video commentary from the film director on a small
screen as a secondary video.
Progressive/Interlace
The video signal standard of NTSC has 480 interlaced (i) scan lines,
whereas progressive (p) scanning uses twice the number of scan
lines, and this is referred to as 480p. Using progressive output, you
can enjoy watching high resolution video.
Sampling frequency
Sampling is the process of converting the heights of sound wave
(analog signal) samples taken at set periods into digits (digital
encoding). Sampling frequency is the number of samples taken per
second, so larger numbers mean more faithful reproduction of the
original sound.
Virtual package
Some BD-Video discs copy data to other media (local storage) and
then play the secondary video, secondary audio, and subtitles (sub
contents) simultaneously.
These functions are called virtual packages.
Sub contents are automatically recorded to other media from the disc
prior to playing the virtual package. The playback methods vary
depending on discs.
1080i (1125i)
In one high definition image, 1080 (1125) alternating scan lines pass
to create an interlaced image. Because 1080i (1125i) more than
doubles current TV broadcasts of 480i, the detail is much clearer and
creates a more realistic and rich image.
1080p (1125p)
In one high definition image, 1080 (1125) scan lines pass at the same
time to create a progressive image. Since progressive video does not
alternate scan lines like interlace, there is a minimal amount of screen
flicker.
24p
This is a progressive image recorded at a rate of 24 frames per
second.
720p (750p)
In one high definition image, 720 (750) scan lines pass at the same
time to create a progressive image. Since progressive video does not
alternate scan lines like interlace, there is a minimal amount of screen
flicker.
Frame Field Field
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Reference
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