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7 SPECIALIZED COMMUNICATING
AMTOR/ PACKET/ PACTOR/ G-TOR
TM
/ CLOVER
Due to their error-handling capability and speed of
transmission, these modes are more efficient than
earlier forms of digital communication by machine. In
the case of G-TOR
TM
, it was developed specifically to
handle the adverse conditions of communicating across
the solar system with spacecraft during their missions.
On most HF bands, audio frequency shift keying
(AFSK) is used. This method of modulation uses audio
tones therefore either the LSB or USB mode should be
selected. Traditionally, LSB is used similar to RTTY with
the exception of AMTOR which is normally operated
using USB.
In some countries, the licensing authorities permit F2
operation on some frequencies in the 10 meter band.
For this type of operation, select the FM mode.
Consult “MCP AND TNC” {page 62} under
“CONNECTING PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT” if you
need installation information.
Note:
◆
For digital operation using the SSB or FM mode, switch the
Speech Processor OFF. When using the SSB mode, also select
a fast AGC setting.
◆
When selecting one of the filters (not OFF) in Menu No. 32, do
not activate the RX Equalizer via Menu No. 50; the default for
Menu No. 50 is OFF.
◆
Set Menu No. 32 to OFF for voice operation since the filters
available are too narrow for voice.
1 Select the appropriate filter bandwidth via Menu
No. 32.
• The default is OFF.
2 Select the operating frequency.
3 Press [LSB/USB] to select LSB or USB.
• For F2 operation, select FM by pressing
[FM/AM].
• If you selected one of the filters in step 1 (not
OFF), “FSK” appears with “LSB”, “USB”, or “FM”.
4 Following the instructions provided with your TNC or
MCP, enter the calibrate mode so you can generate
a mark condition.
• “RX” disappears and “TX” appears.
5 Use Menu No. 33 to select the appropriate AF input
level.
• Select a low input level so long as the ALC meter
reflects.
6 Exit the calibrate mode.
• “TX” disappears and “RX” appears.
7 Use Menu No. 34 to select the appropriate AF output
level.
• The AF control cannot be used for this
adjustment.
8 Send commands and data.
• The transceiver will briefly transmit each time it
sends your commands and data, or when it
acknowledges transmissions from other stations.
The data rates and types of modulation used for HF
Packet operation are shown below.
Note:
In some countries, F2 modulation at 1200 bps may be used
on the 10-meter band. Consult your national Amateur radio
organization to obtain band plans that specify where in each band
various modes are used.
PACKET FREQUENCIES
AMTOR activity can be found on or near 14075 and
3637.5 kHz. These would also be good starting places
when searching for PacTOR, G-TOR
TM
, or Clover
stations.
AMTOR
Packet
PacTOR
G-TOR
Clover
AMateur Teleprinting Over Radio
Packetized data used per AX.25 protocol
Packet Teleprinting Over Radio
Golay-coded Teleprinting Over Radio
Characteristic shape of an accurately
tuned signal as viewed on a monitor.
Meaning
Mode
TM
Mode
USB & LSB
USB & LSB
FM
300 bps
(AFSK)
1200 bps
(PSK)
1200 bps
(AFSK)
F1
F1
F2
Data Rate
Modulation Type
1800~1830
3620~3635
7080~7100
10140~10150
14095~14099.5
18105~18110
21090~21100
—
28120~28189
50600~50780
—
3590~3600
Digital band
Digital band
14089~14099, 14101~14112
Digital band
21100~21120
Digital band
28120~28150, 29200~29300
—
U.S.A./Canada
Frequency (kHz)
IARU Region 1
(Europe/Africa)
Frequency (kHz)