Emerson 5081-P Satellite Radio User Manual


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The figure shows a thin section through a pore in the junction plug. The junction separates a solution of potassium chloride
on the left from a solution of hydrochloric acid on the right. The solutions have equal molar concentration. Driven by con-
centration differences, hydrogen ions and potassium ions diffuse in the directions shown. The length of each arrow indicates
relative rates. Because hydrogen ions move faster than potassium ions, positive charge builds up on the left side of the sec-
tion and negative charge builds up on the right side. The ever-increasing positive charge repels hydrogen and potassium
ions. The ever-increasing negative charge attracts the ions. Therefore, the migration rate of hydrogen decreases, and the
migration rate of potassium increases. Eventually the rates become equal. Because the chloride concentrations are the
same, chloride does not influence the charge separation or the liquid junction potential.
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The drawing shows an iron (II) and iron (III) ion at the sur-
face of a platinum electrode. Iron (III) can take an electron
from the platinum and be reduced, and iron (II) can place
an electron on the metal and be oxidized. The electrode
potential is the tendency of the half reaction shown in the
figure to occur spontaneously. Because the voltmeter
used to measure ORP draws almost no current, there is
no change in the concentration of iron (II) and iron (III) at
the electrode.
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