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" .+ &95GIF=B;@97HFC89
The essential element of the glass electrode is a pH-sen-
sitive glass membrane. An electrical potential develops at
glass-liquid interfaces. The potential at the outside surface
depends on the pH of the test solution. The potential at
the inside surface is fixed by the constant pH of the filling
solution. Overall, the measuring electrode potential
depends solely on the pH of the test solution.
" .+ FCGG,97H=CBH<FCI;<H<9D! @5GG
For the glass electrode to work, the glass must be hydrat-
ed. An ion exchange mechanism involving alkalai metals
and hydrogen ions in the hydrated layer is responsible for
the pH response of the glass.