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S-125/S-125C/S-85/S-85C page 10
7. SATELLITE/SUBWOOFER PHASING TEST
In any system using a subwoofer separate from Satellite speakers, a phasing test must be performed to insure
good bass blending. This test insures optimum sound in the critical bass frequencies where your Subwoofer and
Satellite speakers overlap.
Play a familiar CD, LP, or tape with steady, consistent bass content through your system. Listen carefully to the
"mid-bass" region of 75 - 125 Hz. This is the part of the spectrum where electric or string basses and drums predominate.
Then reverse the phase of either the subwoofer or BOTH Satellite speakers.
If your Subwoofer has a PHASE switch on its back panel, move it either from (+) to (—) or vice versa.
If your Subwoofer does not have a PHASE switch, it takes a bit more work. You will have to change the Positive
and Negative speaker inputs on the back of BOTH Satellite speakers.
You can do this at the back of both Satellite speakers, or at the Subwoofer's TO SPEAKERS terminals, but never
at both locations. The lead that was on the Positive (+) terminal should be switched to the Negative (—) terminal, and
vice versa. When switching speaker wires, take care to protect your amplifier. Make sure that the wires do not touch
each other when you are making the switch. As a safety measure, we suggest that you turn the amplifier off before
making the switch.
Now listen to the same musical passage as you did earlier, concentrating on the mid-bass region. If you hear less
bass, the original connection (or switch position) was correct. If you hear more bass, the new connection ( or switch)
is correct.
You need to perform this test because when Satellite speakers are located separate from a Subwoofer, each
speaker is at a different distance from your ear. In some cases, the difference will be just enough so that the output
from the Subwoofer arrives out of phase with the output of the Satellites. When this happens, that critical mid-bass is
actually cancelled. You should re-do this test any time you move your speakers.
If you want to experiment further, move the Satellite speakers either towards or away from your listening position,
making changes in small increments. This will "focus" the system's sound to its optimum. When you hear the best
combination of stereo image localization and maximum impact and output in the mid-bass, you have the ideal location.
8. SPEAKER DAMAGE & HOW TO AVOID IT
An important factor to consider with any loudspeaker system is the potential for speaker damage. Even though
your M&K Satellites have extremely high power handling ability (especially for Satellite speakers), they still can be
damaged by relatively low powered amplifiers.
While very few M&K Satellites are actually returned for service, the vast majority of those returned are not for
manufacturing defects. Instead, they are returned because they have been overdriven, almost always because the
amplifier or receiver used was driven into clipping distortion. This damage is considered abuse, and is not necessarily
covered under warranty.
This clipping distortion occurs when the demands of the music are greater than the amplifier's available power.
It can occur at 20 watts with a small amplifier, or at 400 watts with a large amplifier. When this happens, the amplifier's
output waveform (which should look like a smooth arc) is "clipped" off, exhibiting a flat top instead of the arc.
This flat top contains multiples of the original amplified frequencies, sometimes at higher levels than the original
signal itself. For tweeters, this can be very damaging, as this distortion is well above the audible range (where you are
unable to hear it), and where the tweeter is most vulnerable to damage.
When an amplifier clips, its sound becomes harsh and grating, and a break-up is often audible in the bass
frequencies. It will become uncomfortable to listen to, especially when compared to a slightly lower volume level. When
you are listening at high volume levels, be aware of the onset of clipping distortion, and turn the volume down slightly
if the sound takes on the character described above.
When tone controls or equalizers are used to boost frequencies, the problem occurs much more rapidly. Even
a small boost of low or high frequencies can easily double the power requirement and lead to amplifier clipping at
moderate levels. Therefore, you should use your tone controls judiciously, avoiding extreme boosts of the bass and
treble controls, especially when you are listening at high volume levels.
The best way to avoid speaker damage is to use common sense. Use moderate boosts of tone controls or
equalizers, at the very most. Listen carefully for any harshness and break-up, especially at high volume levels, and
turn down the volume when needed. If you cannot get enough volume, you may need to consider a higher-powered